Rescuing a Planet under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble Essay Sample free essay sample

The essayist of Plan B 2. 0. Lester R. Earthy colored is the President of the Earth Policy Institute. The book is a blend of cheerfulness for the great beyond and a fear of approaching fiasco. The book is an outline of the world’s headway and lack of progression on the issues of need. financial conditions. guidance. also, populace. While perusing. apparently the occupations are overwhelming Lester Brown feels that they are extremely resolvable. He covers the financial and mechanical requests and feels that the universe has all the essential instruments to work out the employments. Earthy colored has a notoriety for being useful and extends to direct answers for the employment opportunities. In section 7 he handles the activity of a quick turning populace and the impacts this has on the world’s regular assets and manageability. The section starts by providing an outline of the progression that has happened over the universe and he features examples and approaches from fruitful states as delineations for different provinces to use. We will compose a custom exposition test on Safeguarding a Planet under Stress and a Civilization in a difficult situation Essay Sample or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There are certain and negative delineation gave in an expansive combination of states and scenes. Instructing the individuals of the universe. with the goal that everybody has a benchmark of proficiency and discernment is a significant point of convergence of the part. Sing guidance. Earthy colored exchanges about the interest for cosmopolitan guidance for the entirety of the children known to mankind. . The parts audit the way that 1000000s of children start off existence with a handicap on the off chance that they do non hold the advantage of essential guidance. The insufficiency of guidance is featured as the essential if non elite reason for an enlarging spread among rich and hapless. The United Nations set the finish of guaranting that there is cosmopolitan essential guidance by the twelvemonth 2015. This is a start. The World Bank is offering to flexibly support to areas that submit sensible projects which incorporate nearby assets and crystalline bookkeeping systems. The estimation is that cosmopolitan guidance in the 80 expresses that need this help would add up to a tota l of 12 billion dollars for every twelvemonth. Teaching misss is an impossible to miss point of convergence of the part. as instructed. proficient misss lead to bring down birth rates in grown-up female and better human services for kids. Teaching other than impacts that farming network as proficient individuals can comprehend issues partner to seting. pesticides and procuring. Training other than influences the overall scourge of HIV. Instructed individuals can peruse and comprehend data identified with the spreading and bar of HIV each piece great as different ailments. Once more. the emphasize on teaching misss is examined as it identified with HIV. A few states, for example, Ethiopia have had great outcomes offering grants to family units to help keep up the misss in school. The principle is that the more drawn out misss remain in school. the less children they will hold. In the most unfortunate of states. families are compelled to keep up kids out of school with the goal that they can work and addition cash to back up the fa mily. Little grants can do a distinction in this cadence. Identified with guidance is nourishment. Earthy colored arrangements about the improved capacity and positive outcomes connected to providing school tiffin plans. Kids who eat great are bound to make go to and make great in school. The US designs that give school tiffins each piece great as plans to pregnant grown-up females and children are utilized as delineations that could be copied in different states. Tending to the essential interest of supplement can hold a huge effect on a child’s capacity to larn. The contribution of a free tiffin other than urges family units to guide children to class. This section other than discusses the interest to go to the issue of universe over populace. Earthy colored feels that the UN. World Bank and the US ought to do the explanation that the universe can non suit family units holding multiple children. He discusses the representations of Iran and China. the two of which have had achievement in cut bringing down populace. He gives outline of the difficulty Iran looked in footings of social and profound convictions identified with this issue. The interest to better wellbeing influences destitution in a grouping and wide stretch ways. UNICEF and WHO have had achievement actualizing plans that influence normal wellbeing employments, for example, the runs. Terbium and Malaria. Projects of unwritten rehydration treatment using modest saline have had significant effect and can be simple repeated around the world. The equivalent can be said for reducing illness spread by grimy H2O. There are representations of endeavors that guarantee clean H2O and sewerage framework that can other than be copied. Backing is the issue for these endeavors. Earthy colored gives away from of how the building is as of now in topographic point. While the less fortunate immature states are standing up to issues, for example, TB and Malaria. The well to make conditions of the universe are defying health emergency identified with over guilty pleasure in supplement and medications including final resting place nails. Smoking delay plans have been generally utilized with incredible achievement. These plans can other than be reproduced simple and hold significant effect on smoking related ailments, for example, chest malady and dangerous neoplastic illness. Numerous states including Ireland. Norway. India and China have prohibited smoke as has the US. Numerous health issues are preventable by straightforward youth vaccinations. Creating states incapable to gracefully these vaccinations experience sicknesses that the rest of the universe no wait exchanges with. Inoculation is a basic and simple comprehended strategy for bettering health. Similarly as with everything identified with poverty. cash is the issue. Youth vaccination plans have been financed by private establishment, for example, the Gates and Turner establishment. Associations between authoritiess. concern. private establishments and non-benefit affiliations are a way of pooling assets towards a typical end. These plans have been profoundly effective and Brown advocators for providing such fundamental immunisations around the world. As a result of the size of the activity. HIV is managed as a different wellbeing work in the part. This issue is of class identified with guidance as a rule and to guidance of misss explicitly. Once more. an educated populace can peruse and comprehend the issue and make a move to prevent the spread of this illness. Earthy colored examines this issue from the perspective of bar. The part does non go to the issue of providing intercession to those effectively influenced with the infection. Earthy colored dealings about the interest to explicitly point HIV bar endeavors toward truck drivers. cocottes and the military. There are three terrible populaces because of the idea of their way of life and normal examples. He gives outlines of endeavors that have been effective in footings of focused bar. Nigeria tended to the issue by providing free rubbers to every military power. The measurements and monetary thought of the HIV emergency is talked about in the part. Earthy colored expresses that it would take 12 billion rubbers to dispense with the activity. piece by and by just around 2. 5 billion are conveyed. The whole expense to make full the elastic spread is just around 2 billion dollars. This measurement is oculus hole. He makes reference to that while the US gives an extraordinary exchange of guidance on these issues. he obviously feels that the US highlight on abstention is foolish. Earthy colored feel that one of the most basic stairss toward work trip the occupations identified with need and populace. is the riddance of obligation. Creating states need absolution on obligations to different areas and to the World Bank. He other than talked about the interest for endowments for agribusiness that will work to their advantage. He gives the outline of African states spending multiple times more on obligation than they spend on wellbeing and guidance. There has been an incredible exchange of obligation absolution by the G-8. which he feels can give these states another beginning. what's more, the capacity to focus their asset on guidance. wellbeing and the devastation of poverty. Earthy colored other than offers help for cut bringing down the homestead appropriations more extravagant states accommodate their ain agribusiness. He discusses the impacts these sponsorships have on the bigger universe farming picture. Earthy colored gives a financial plan to every region of the section and makes it look rather conceivable. He gives great outlines of working plans from all through the universe. He makes a decent occasion for the idea that cooperating. the UN and World Bank alongside associations, for example, UNICEF. private establishments and significant states including the US. Earthy colored does a top notch occupation doing everything appear to be conceivable. He gives trust and gives truly clears stairss on the best way to work out the employments. Understanding the employments of destitution is plainly about guidance. Training relies upon wellbeing and sustenance. Wellbeing and sustenance relies upon agribusiness and the capacity to cultivate is identified with fundss and guidance. The stairss are clear and as Brown clarifies it. it isn’t an overwhelming endeavor. Indeed, even the spending plan appears to be conceivable. Notwithstanding. Earthy colored doesn’t to the full recogn ize the disastrous universe of war and stubbornness and lack of worry by numerous individuals on the planet. He other than gives a world shortsighted situation on the occupations. For delineation. he discusses the interest to pass only 2 billion dollars to purchase and circulate all the rubbers expected to go to the spread of HIV. We know by the by. that even with guidance and uninhibitedly accessible rubbers. HIV is circulating. HIV is disseminating in nations where guidance and course to rubbers is non an issue. While rubbers have a significant effect. it’s non the full story. There are comparative illustrati

MIT Sloan Programs and Admissions

MIT Sloan Programs and Admissions At the point when the vast majority think about the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), they consider science and innovation, yet this lofty college offers instruction past those two fields. MIT has five unique schools, including the MIT Sloan School of Management. MIT Sloan School of Management, otherwise called MIT Sloan, is a standout amongst other positioned business colleges on the planet. It is likewise one of the M7 business colleges, a casual system of the most tip top business colleges in the United States. Understudies who take on MIT Sloan have the chance to graduate with a regarded degree from a trustworthy school with brand name mindfulness. MIT Sloan School of Management is situated in Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The nearness of the school and the quantity of enterprising new companies in the zone has prompted Kendall Square being known as the most imaginative square mile on earth. MIT Sloan Enrollment and Faculty Roughly 1,300 understudies are joined up with undergrad and graduate projects at MIT Sloan School of Management. A portion of these projects bring about a degree, while others, for example, the official instruction programs, bring about a testament. Understudies, who now and again allude to themselves as Sloanies, are instructed by in excess of 200 employees and instructors. The MIT Sloan personnel is different and incorporates specialists, arrangement specialists, market analysts, business people, business officials, and professionals in a wide scope of business and the board fields.â MIT Sloan Programs for Undergraduate Students Understudies who are acknowledged to the undergrad program at MIT Sloan School of Management can browse four fundamental training tracks: 15 Management Science: In this moderately new track of study, understudies figure out how to utilize quantitative instruments and subjective strategies to structure and keep up complex frameworks and tackle genuine administrative issues identified with coordinations and strategy.15:1 Management: This degree program is the most adaptable undergrad program at MIT Sloan. It is intended to give understudies an expansive, central training in business and the executives while permitting them to pick minors and electives that will straightforwardly identify with their picked careers.15:2 Business Analytics: In this undergrad MIT Sloan program, understudies figure out how to gather, break down, and improve information to make educated business decisions.15:3 Finance: In this MIT Sloan program, understudies concentrate all parts of money, including bookkeeping, microeconomics, and insights. They additionally get an opportunity to pick fund related electives that will assist them with figuring out how to apply monetary apparatuses to settle on administrative and key venture choices. Undergrad Admissions at MIT Sloan Green bean understudies who need to learn at MIT Sloan must present an application to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Whenever acknowledged, they will pick a significant toward the finish of their first year. The school is extremely particular, conceding under 10 percent of the individuals who apply every year. As a component of the undergrad confirmations process at MIT, you will be approached to submit true to life data, papers, proposal letters, secondary school transcripts, and state sanctioned grades. Your application will be assessed by a huge gathering of individuals dependent on various components. In any event 12 individuals will take a gander at and consider your application before you get an acknowledgment letter.â MIT Sloan Programs for Graduate Students MIT Sloan School of Management offers a MBA program, a few bosses degree programs, and a PhD program notwithstanding official training programs. The MBA program has a first-semester center that expects understudies to take a select number of classes, yet after the principal semester, understudies are allowed the chance to self-deal with their instruction and customize their educational plan. Customized track alternatives incorporate business and development, undertaking the board, and money. MBA understudies at MIT Sloan can likewise decide to acquire a joint degree in the Leaders for Global Operations program, which brings about a MBA from MIT Sloan and a Master of Science in Engineering from MIT, or a double degree, which brings about a MBA from MIT Sloan and a Masters in Public Affairs or Masters in Public Policy from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Mid-vocation administrators who need to win a MBA in 20 months of low maintenance study might be appropriate to the official MBA program at MIT Sloan School of Management. Understudies in this program go to classes like clockwork on Fridays and Saturdays. The program additionally has a one-week module at regular intervals notwithstanding a one-week worldwide task trip. Bosses degree choices incorporate a Master of Finance, Master of Business Analytics, and a Master of Science in Management Studies. Understudies can likewise decide to take a crack at the System Design and Management program, which brings about a Master of Management and Engineering. The Ph.D. program at MIT Sloan School of Management is the most progressive instruction program. It offers the open door direct research in territories like administration science, conduct and arrangement sciences, financial aspects, fund, and bookkeeping. MBA Admissions at MIT Sloan You needn't bother with work understanding to apply to the MBA program at MIT Sloan School of Management, yet you ought to have an unhitched males degree in any region of study, a record of individual accomplishment, and high scholarly potential to be considered for the program. Your capabilities can be shown through a scope of use segments, including state sanctioned grades, suggestion letters, and scholarly records. There is no single application segment that is the most significant all segments are weighed similarly. Around 25 percent of the understudies who apply will be welcome to meet. Meetings are led by individuals from the entrance advisory board and are social based. Questioners evaluate how well candidates can impart, impact others, and handle explicit circumstances. MIT Sloan School of Management has round applications, yet you can just apply once every year, so it is critical to build up a strong application the first occasion when you apply. Affirmations for Other Graduate Programs at MIT Sloan The affirmations for graduate projects (other than the MBA program) at MIT Sloan shift by program. Be that as it may, you should anticipate submitting undergrad transcripts, an application, and supporting materials, for example, continues and expositions, in the event that you are applying to a degree program. Every degree program has a predetermined number of seats, which makes the procedure specific and serious. Make certain to investigate application cutoff times and affirmations prerequisites on the MIT Sloan site, and give yourself a lot of time to amass application materials.

Mortality film, The Hours

Budgetary Markets and Risk - Essay Example The significant wellsprings of long haul money in the capital markets are really the items given to the buyer to long haul speculation. The purchasers are thought to be sane in their decisions among the different options introduced. The decision of the item to utilize will rely upon: time component, an expense of fund, adaptability and the method of installment. Long haul speculation items give finances that might be utilized as a rule for over five years. They include: Offer capital - this comprises of both customary offer capital which is contributed by the genuine proprietors of a constrained organization and it isn't redeemable and the inclination share capital. This is contributed by the inclination investors. Held income arrangements - these are a piece of the benefits which have a place with the standard investors and are not paid to them in the period they are earned. Debentures or long haul credits - a debenture is the composed affirmation of an obligation acquired by a constrained organization. Home loans - the buyers and organizations can get credits for extensive stretches by selling their advantages with any home loan intermediaries or some other monetary establishment. Deal and rent back - an organization which claims its own premises or fixed resources can acquire account by offering the property to an insurance agency for sure fire money and leasing it back. The expense of account or the item relies upon the terms of fund, nature and size of the business, accessibility of the item, the nature of security, development phase of the organization and government impacts through the national bank.

Fairtales As A Medium Of Moral Lessons - 1650 Words

Why Fairytale Characters Must Go Through Hardships In Their Expedition Because Obstacles Changes A Person’s Viewpoint In Life (Essay Sample) Content: Fairytales and their moral significanceNameInstitutionWhy Fairytale Characters Must Go Through Hardships In Their Expedition Because Obstacles Changes A Persons Viewpoint In Life.IntroductionTruth be told, every individual on the face of the earth has one challenge or another, one addiction or the other, one disorder or another, one fear or another. This means that everybody faces a period that they feel worthless, meaningless, discouraged, tired and confused about who they are and what they are supposed to be doing about their life. Every individual struggle to get things right and every person depend on another to lift them up during these trying moments. This is the essence of fairy tales; they depict the real life struggles to their viewers and cause them to have a sense/string of hope that all would be okay someday, that they would also have a happy ending ("5 Surprisingly Valuable Lessons We Can Learn From Fairytales | Soul and Spirit", 2017).Impact of fairytale sThese fairy tales are mostly watched by children, and some are read in schools for them. They cause them to have an insight about what struggles they have and eventually make them realize really who they are. These tales make them identify with a particular class of people and causes them to engage their souls. They pump in strength to them and make them feel like someone got their back.There is a common trend that all fairytales have, and that is; they usually have their characters go through the worst moments of their lives to the extent that they feel like giving up, and at that point, they are rejuvenated by a number of factors that help them overcome the obstacles they face ("5 Surprisingly Valuable Lessons We Can Learn From Fairytales | Soul and Spirit", 2017). These factors include having that one friend who will always encourage them or be having a mentor who would challenge them verbally or non-verbally or have a pet that will challenge them to do a little more that they i magined they could do (stretching their limits.)Examples of fairytales that have helped many through various situationsAll these tales tell their audience that for every Cinderella, Snow White, or Sofia (in Sofia the first), there is a problem they have to overcome in order to end up with the happy moments (the goals they always want to achieve). There is always that one wicked aunt, or a wicked friend, or a wicked step-mum or step-dad that would frustrate their endeavors in life. There are also adventurous Fairytales such as Mollie Whuppie and the Giant. That tells its audience the importance of staying courageous even in the worst situations on earth (Alison, 2017). Mollie Whuppie is a heroine who helped to save her sisters from the horrors of the wicked giant that had frustrated many travelers that went to the vicinity of its dwelling place.Mollie, together with her sisters got lost in a forest and in one way or the other, they find their way to the giants house, so the giant pla ns on killing all of them and Mollie takes up the task of protecting all her sisters and ensuring that they escape from the giants house. It was always said that no one ever really escaped from that house alive (Alison, 2017). Molly is depicted by the author (Robin Muller) as the youngest of all the sisters and yet the strongest, the most courageous and daring of them all. They eventually make their way out and they find themselves in a Kings Castle. The King then dares her to always go back to the giants house and bring to him the things that the giant has ever stolen and as a result, her sisters would be married to someone who is in the Kings court (Alison, 2017). She does that and eventually recovers what the giant had stolen and all her sisters get married. She also finds favor in the eyes of the King and she marries the prince. That was her happily ever after narrative. This paraphrased Fairytale has lots of Moral stories that can be a lesson to children, young adults and the a ged (Heckel et al., 2017). This is portrayed by the character of this young little girl who overcomes obstacles that even her elder sisters fear confronting. This teaches that for one to cause an impact in the lives of others, age is not a barrier, one could be the youngest and yet, they make happen what older people cannot make happen (Alison, 2017). On the other end, it portrays the importance of staying courageous and focused, not giving up (this is shown when she had to go back and confront the giant again to bring back the stolen items). Such stories give lots and lots of moral stories that are important to the current society (it doesnt matter how old the stories are) (Alison, 2017).Fairy tales as a source of healing/therapyThere are a number of people who have overcome their lifes struggle by the help of the fairytales and there are others who have learned various virtues and improved their character by the help of these fairytales (Elizabeth Cohen, 2017). Psychiatrists also say that dressing as the fairytale characters can be of so much help psychologically. There are patients who suffer from Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) who have been helped through the disorder by being told that they should imagine themselves as Cinderella (Elizabeth Cohen, 2017). Mostly, people who have OCD always want to clean so often because their brains force them to clean even when they dont want to.So, imagining themselves as Cinderella would make them have the mentality like that of Cinderella (being forced to clean by the stepmother) (Elizabeth Cohen, 2017). This would draw their attention from their own struggle and put them into the world of Cinderella, and eventually the psychiatrist would tell them to imagine themselves having a beautiful ending like that of Cinderella, which they would do, and when this is repeated, it would cause so much of a therapeutic healing to the patients and they would eventually be able to overcome their Obstacle/Disorder (Elizabeth Coh en, 2017).Fairytales have a lot of significance that also help various people to improve their image and self-esteem. This means that they have to be fighters of their own selves just as the characters in the fairy tales do ("Introduction - Princes in Fairy Tales", 2017). Even though they get help from friends and other close allies and mentors, it reaches a point where they have to struggle on their own ("Introduction - Princes in Fairy Tales", 2017). For example, while Cinderella is locked up in the basement and the prince comes, she has to struggle to ensure that she gets to where the prince is, she does not rely on the imagination that her godmother would appear again and help her out. Imagery, as used in the fairytale has been a very powerful tool in the lives of many, there is an example of a people called Yogis who was in Tibet, they imagined themselves as supernatural people (deities) in order to enhance what they feel about their image and to feel more in control and in cha rge (Elizabeth Cohen, 2017). This enlightened them and they felt like they achieved all they wanted just from the use of imagery (Heckel et al., 2017). Symbolism in the fairytales have caused children to view pets with more understanding and knowledge; they have learned to coexist with their pets such as dogs, cats, tigers, and lions (of course those that have been tamed and taken into homes as pets). This has made them know that they can be of much help at certain points in life.Even though they (these pets) dont talk like they do in certain fairy tales, they make the children feel like they have a company and as a result would feel stronger and safer when they are around. Maximizing potential has been another characteristic realized in people who watch or read fairy tales, they would feel so emotionally attached to the characters such that they feel like they are the characters and, whenever they are in a particular fix ("Introduction - Princes in Fairy Tales", 2017), they would a sk themselves what would Sofia the first do in such a situation? and then they would have the courage to face that issue/situation/obstacle.There is a reason why it is children who are told these stories, it is because they have to learn that life is not always a bed of roses, they could be ...

Essay Deviance is Relative - 1566 Words

â€Å"Deviance is Relative† is a controversial topic that has caused intrigued sociologists to have debates in order to come to a conclusion. Because there is no absolute standard application towards deviating behavior, we can only gain knowledge through practical implications, main ideas, and concepts processes. Practical Implications of â€Å"Deviance is Relative† There is no absolute way of defining deviating acts. Deviance can only be defined in a relation to certain norms, but no standards are permanent. Norms can involve being within stereotypical viewpoints. Counter-stereotypical behavior may be viewed as acts of deviance; Phelan and Rudman defined backlash effects as â€Å"social and economic penalties for counter-stereotypical behavior†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦If society does not have any means of enforcing its norms, then that means anyone can do anything he/she wants. Without laws, society will become anarchy. An example is a murderer breaking the law and killing another human being for religious purposes. He will experience negative sanctions. He will either be on the run, in detention, or facing capital punishment. Because of possible circumstances, sanctions are necessary. Medicalization of deviance means to make deviance a medical matter; a symptom of some u nderlying illness that needs to be treated by physicians. Certain acts of deviance can be a sign of mental illness: Rape, murder, stealing, cheating and so on. Mental illness can stand for illogical thinking process. Thomas Szasz argues that â€Å"mental illnesses are neither mental nor illnesses. They are simply problem behaviors.† The problem with his theory is behavior results from thinking. Before a person is raped, the rapist contemplates about the most efficient way to rape someone. His contemplation or thinking process happened before his behavior. Another example is adultery. Whenever someone commits adultery, the person is aroused by sexual thoughts first. Subsequently, the act or behavior of adultery proceeds after the thoughts. My own analyses of stories that had been told to me helped lead me to this conclusion. The thoughts are the causes which lead to the effects: the behavior. White collar crime is crime committed byShow MoreRelatedDeviance : Deviance And De viance1335 Words   |  6 Pages Deviance is defined as the fact or state of departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. There are many different forms of deviance in today s society. Something that is viewed as being deviant in one culture might be seen as normal in another. There are many different types and theories in which define deviance, however their are 3 broad categories, these 3 categories are positivist, relativist, and critical conceptions of deviance. These 3 categories areRead MoreCity of God Analysis954 Words   |  4 Pagestheories of crime and deviance. Some of the major theories I noticed throughout the movie were the functionalist theory, including examples of relative depravation, as well as the interactionist theory, including differential association and labeling. There was also evidence of the conflict theory and the control theory throughout the film. The functionalist theory states that hard work leads to rewards, and when these rewards are not sufficient, deviance arises. Crime and deviance result from â€Å"structuralRead More‚Äà ²Marxism Is No Longer Relevant to Our Understanding of Crime Deviance in Society‚Äà ´1269 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to answer the question, the terms Crime Deviance must firstly be defined. Crime is an act against the Law (robbery, murder etc), thus the act is known as illegal, whereas Deviance is an act that is not against the Law but an act seen as ‘abnormal’ and going against the norms values o f Society, such as cross-dressing etc. Marx developed the idea of Marxism (a conflict theory between Upper and Lower social classes) in the 18th Century, when social classes were very clearly defined-Read MoreTaking a Look at the Labeling Theory909 Words   |  4 Pagesare defining deviance based on primary deviance through implementing a label on the offender, discrimination by formal institutions, as well as the public based on what is defined as deviance, and continued deviance based on the label placed on offenders, which is known as secondary deviance in the labeling theory. Unlike traditional theories of deviance that use an absolute definition of deviance, labeling theory is centered on a relative definition of deviance. 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Although, considered deviant because it is not the social norm, it still can have a very positive social aspect or lead to social change. Culture and the societiesRead MoreEffects Of Labelling On Deviant Behaviour1502 Words à ‚  |  7 Pages What is defined as deviance can be dependent on one’s subjective views which can be influence the study of crime and reliability of crime statistics. Within my essay I’ll be exploring the effects of labelling on deviant behaviour, and the ways in which views differ due to the influence of various groups within society and the influence of the media on societies interpretation of deviance. Deviance is understood to be behaviour which deviates from what is seen as the norm or what is socially acceptableRead MoreSocial Deviance951 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Deviance Compiled by Parul Parihar As Young and Mack have pointed out, â€Å"No norm is always obeyed; no individual always conforms to every set of expectations†. Hence, deviance, that is, the act of going against the rules or norms is there everywhere. Deviant Behaviour such as knavery, cheating, adultery, unfairness, crime, malingering, immorality, dishonesty, betrayal, burglary, corruption, cunningness, sneakiness, wickednessRead MoreOutline and assess the view that crime and deviance are socially constructed1021 Words   |  5 Pagesand assess the view that crime and deviance are socially constructed There has been a pleather of research regarding the issue of crime and deviance. A definition of crime and deviance can be explained in relative terms which are dependant on any particular society’s interpretation of crime and deviance. Cultures differ from one society to another and the general consensus of right and wrong can also evolve throughout time. Definitions of crime and deviance can evolve with factors such as timeRead MoreEssay on Deviance and Society969 Words   |  4 Pages Determining Deviance The dictionary defines deviance as the breakdown or diversion from the accepted norm or expected standards of behaviour of a society. The concept of deviance however has no standard definition, it is deemed to be culturally relative. That is to say that your culture (norms, values and morals) determine what you as an individual or your society deems deviant behaviour. Functionalist Findings on Deviance The functionalist sociologist would

The Development Of An Individual And The Aspects Within...

Prior to Developmental Psychology, the summarized articles will indicate the development of an individual and the aspects within psychology. Developmental Psychology is the study of the way a human change over time throughout their life. Individuals face many issues and problems throughout their life that could possible affect their physically, emotionally, and mentally growth. As a parent and child develop individually, many skills and behaviors increase and decrease. In this case, communication seems to have a downfall as the child ages. Development being the way a person change over time, could destroy a family or relationship between two individuals. The article discuss the important of communicating with parents, for the growth of a child. Without parents, most things would not get cared for and responsible would become harsh. Parent became stressed and overwhelmed from the lack of control and parental knowledge from their disclosed child. A parents developmental skills decrease as they worry about the development and change of their child. Communication is the way to gaining knowledge and understanding to be able to develop the skills to become an outstanding individual in life (Keijser Poulin, 2013). Assess the professional roles, communication is a professional role to everyday life. Miscommunicating causes harm and dissatisfaction to oneself and others in many situations. In regard to developing, as an individual grow up, they believe they are able to handleShow MoreRelatedNature And Nurture s Effect On Behavior1690 Words   |  7 Pagesparents. My Initial Hypothesis The influence of one’s environment versus the influence of one’s parents and home life may not seem to be much of importance to the average individual. Prior to learning more about human psychological development, I too was guilty of not seeing the importance behind the influences effecting an individual. Both nature and nurture seem to have some relevance of importance; however, when taking a step back and looking at the entire picture, one seems to outweigh the otherRead MoreBehaviorism Was A Slow Revolution1604 Words   |  7 Pagesto become a popular study within psychology that lasted through the second decade of the twentieth century and through the beginning of the cognitive science revolution (Behjamin, 2014). During this time, there had been a vast amount of academic individuals that contributed to the multifaceted studies within the context of behaviorism. Many of the studies within this movement were based on the concept that all behaviors are the result of conditioning which the individual could be trained in an identifiedRead MoreAbstract. This Paper Is Meant To Provide An Overview Of1658 Words   |  7 Pagesmeant to provide an overview of what a developmental psychologist is and what preparation is needed for obtaining a professional position within this subfield of psychology. The topics covered within include a brief summary of what it takes to become a developmental psychologist, the educational requirements for certification/licensing needed for practicing psychology, and the occupational outlook for the field over the next few years. Additionally, some of the positions, duties, and work environmentsRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. 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Humanistic Theories free essay sample

Humanistic theories of personality and ‘The Matrix’; a critical evaluation of characters This essay aims to apply the humanistic theories in a practical way by examining them in terms of the first film in ‘The matrix’ series. Relevant themes throughout the film, interaction between the main characters and their personality development will be described in regards to Abraham Maslow’s, Carl Rogers’ and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s theories of personality. Personalities in the film are analysed from different perspectives, such as hierarchical needs theory, person-centred theory and lastly, the theory of flow. The aim is not just to capture the character’s personality but also to critically evaluate personality theories that have emerged from humanistic perspectives and explain about Neo’s journey of becoming ‘The One’ as reflected in self-actualization. The Matrix uncovers a secret which is that the lives of human beings are not real. Computer-generated programs guide their sensations creating an imaginary world – a matrix – while millions of humans are in fact floating in liquid, each of them having their own tanks connected to machines. It seems that artificial intelligence has taken over and enslaved humans to supply the energy needed for the function of machines. Throughout the film there is an emphasis on the characters having choice, for example, taking the blue or red pill. Similarly, the Oracle talks about Neo having to make a choice between Morpheus’ life and his own. This reflects the humanist approach of people having subjective influence on their lives rather than behaviour being determinist (Glassman, 2002). This can be further shown by Neo saying he doesn’t believe in fate because he doesn’t like not being in control of his life. There is a small group of rebels who are hiding in sewage canals left over by the ruined cities, on a ship called Nebuchadnezzar and who are not dependent on the matrix. In such harsh conditions, where free will is deprived, it can be observed how personality defines behaviour and how characters evolve as they interact in different situations. In the film there is an on-going battle between the crew and ‘the enemy’, represented mostly by ‘the agents’. This exposes the rebels to a lot of psychological pressure and distress. Thomas Anderson (Neo), a computer programmer (but hacker in his free time) has a regular job at a company when he realizes that something is wrong with the world surrounding him. Eager to find out the truth, Neo begins to search after a dangerous terrorist called Morpheus. After Neo has met Trinity in a night club, he is interrogated by the police. The Police ask him to collaborate but he refuses. Neo risks everything without knowing what to expect. According to Maslow and Rogers, people have instinctual tendencies towards healthy growth; human nature is positively based on free will and is able to feel subconsciously what is right (J. Maltby, 2010). So Neo is motivated to oppose authority and not show obedience because he does not trust the police and senses that helping them is the wrong choice. In a study investigating groups of infants’ prior language formation and cultural influence, P. Bloom and K. Wynn (2011) observed that toddlers had a sense of morality. They could clearly distinguish figures of a puppet-show acting ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. Indeed, humans are born inheritably good with a sense of morality. After an adventurous journey, Neo meets Morpheus and his crew on the Nebuchadnezzar. Neo finds out what the matrix is and, as he starts to interact with the rest of the crew, different characters make their appearance. Morpheus becomes a real mentor, teaching Neo every single trick on how to combat the enemy. Neo is also told about the prophecy as he is predicted to be the saviour of human beings. It seems that this belief motivates Neo to train harder, surprising the others. He quickly acquires new combat skills, becoming faster and stronger. As Rogers explains, environment plays an important role in motivation (extrinsic motivation) but does not suggest why Neo is so willing to learn that skill (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). Behind perseverance there should be a satisfaction which guides behaviour to a certain goal. Csikszentmihalyi explains that a person who fully merges in a challenging activity will experience ‘flow’ if he/she is intrinsically motivated (Csikszentmihalyi amp; Lefevre, 1989). A person like Neo, when focusing on a task (an activity which is rewarding), will manage to extricate himself from worries and after successful completion, will feel energised and strengthened. In contrast, Maslow said that dissatisfaction will take over the personality and will cause depression (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). However, relative satisfaction allows the organism to be prepared for the higher level of needs. Trinity displays affection towards Neo, which creates a conflict with Cypher (one of the operators). In a scene where Trinity brings food to Neo while he is sleeping, Cypher waits for her outside the chamber making remarks. Was he jealous or envious? This, however, cannot be concluded for sure. From Maslow’s point of view, on one hand Cypher needs love and affection and because he did not meet his need this may have generated Cypher’s anger. On the other hand, he was expecting to be treated the same as Neo by Trinity (or the crew). This need has been identified by Maslow as esteem needs. Indeed, Cypher is not content, and he might regret his decision because in the other scene where he is having a conversation with Neo, he reveals that he cannot understand why he has chosen to take the red pill. When he took the pill he knew that there was no turning back, but who knows what is in his mind. Maslow noticed that whether people feel motivated or not, they have to meet certain needs in order to survive and grow. Because some needs have to be met before others, he established a hierarchical order; from lower needs at the base towards higher needs at the top as follows: deficiency needs Biological needs, safety needs (security, order, law, stability), a sense of belongingness and love; growth needs Esteem needs, self-actualization needs and at the top of the pyramid transcendence (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). Maslow’s hierarchical need theory was derived originally from the drive reduction theory of Clark Hull (around the 1940s). Hull believed that behaviour occurs in response to drives. All drives emerge from biological needs and create internal tensions which need to be reduced. Maslow observed that this theory was able only to explain behaviours motivated by physiological needs and called these needs deficiency needs and explained that these must be fulfilled; otherwise they will generate negative emotions. In order to be able to focus on higher level needs practically, the body has to meet all its requirements to function properly. When Neo arrives in the real world and meets the crew, he is exhausted and suffers from shock. In order to function properly, Neo needs time for physical recovery and to clear his mind. He also finds it difficult to adjust to the real world from the Matrix (this could be reflected in Rogers’ theory). Rogers mostly agreed with Maslow that all humans are motivated to act towards fulfilment (known as actualizing tendency) but he believed in universal laws. He assumed that organisms have a tendency to be organised from simple into more complex forms (formative tendency). In his theory, he considered that the perception of ‘the self’ is the result of a subjective experience of reality. The self-image of a person is in continuous change and has to fit into reality otherwise it will be unrealistic and the person becomes confused (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). So Neo finds it difficult to adjust as there is a contrast between the self and the ideal self, resulting in incongruence. This incongruence also could explain why Cypher betrays the team, which will be explored later. Smith talks about billions of people living out their lives in the Matrix – but doing so they never reach self-actualization. One could say that that there is an analogy between the situation created by the machines and dictatorial regimes. In both cases, they play by the same rules, deceiving and depriving people and they commit anything just to get the system working. From a humanist perspective, it could be argued that these societies do not always encourage individuals to develop their full potential. However, it is possible that deprivation of liberty will elicit resistance, motivating humans to act with regard to their needs, as per Maslow’s teachings. The control of the matrix could also be paralleled with Roger’s conditional positive regard with leads to incongruence. At several points in the film we see the crew hiding from the sentinel robots. Safety needs are at the second level (from the base) of the pyramid. These needs are also essential for survival. As soon as deficiency needs are met, motivation ceases. If we think that an animal act instinctively when looks for shelter and once settled is prepared to protect it; this has a similarity with human behaviour. However , Maslow considered that, â€Å"†¦animal instincts cannot be used as a model for human behaviour. † (Feist amp; Feist, 2009, p. 293). This is arguable because humans, the same as animals, do not think much when they have basic needs and could be guided by similar instincts for survival. Evidence to this comes from the instinct theory of motivation which says that we behave in a certain way because we are evolutionarily programed to do so. Whereas Hull (1943) believed that needs are of a physiological nature, McClellend (1965) theorized that needs are learned as people feel a need to achieve things (a distinct human motive) which he labelled as a need for achievement. Maslow’s theory comprises both concepts, is widely accepted and has practical application but it seems that it is not supported by enough empirical evidence. In a scene where the crew sits in the kitchen and are having lunch, Mouse, a developer of training programs, talks about the fundamental needs of humans. He thinks that needs make us to behave as humans, to live as humans. Mouse says â€Å"To deny our impulses are to deny the very thing that makes us human. † Unlike deficiency motives, growth needs rely on motives which confer positive satisfaction to a developing individual. These needs are to fulfil individual potential such as a thirst for knowledge, giving and accepting unconditional love. Maslow explains that if the needs of love and belongingness are satisfied, this almost spontaneously triggers the activation of esteem needs (e. g. self-esteem, personal worth). It is evident that Neo has all these qualities, best illustrated in some of the last scenes at the end of the film. He is ready to sacrifices himself in order to save Morpheus; he feels strongly attached to the rebels because they accept and trust him; he manages to trust his senses and makes the impossible become possible. Helped by Trinity, he saves Morpheus and learns how to consciously control the matrix. He is on the way to becoming self-actualized. One of the major themes of the film is about Neo being ‘The One’ and this fits in with Maslow’s self-actualisation concept. Human beings have a desire to fully develop their potential towards happiness and well-being. Our actualizing potential, according to Rogers is crucial for psychological health and if this potential is blocked then psychological problems appear (Glassman, 2002). When Maslow noticed that not all people reach self-actualization, he started collecting characteristics of self-actualizing people. While he observed that these people fulfilled their needs to grow and they are not dependent on them, he also found that these people are motivated by what he called ‘eternal verities’ and described as B values. He managed to define 15 qualities (e. g. more efficient perception of reality) of these people (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). From the very beginning Neo had all these characteristics but he did not have a chance to discover them. He was motivated by B values, values of human virtue. Maslow also discovered that these people had ‘peak’ experiences (meaning: loss of fear, conflict, more active and more self-determined). Peak experiences could happen to anybody but not as frequently and intensively as to self-actualized people. Csikszentmihalyi’s (1999) findings were similar to what Maslow found but the peak experience he defined as optimal experience. The scene where The Oracle says â€Å"Being yourself is like being in love† could be linked with peak experiences because what she is saying supports the idea of individuals experiencing self-actualization through peak experiences and being in love could be described as one. Csikszentmihalyi also believed that the more satisfied a person is the more often she or he will experience happiness. He thought that people engage in activities because this involvement creates satisfaction (positive emotions), therefor seeking satisfaction they are motivated to do so (Bose, 2008). Maslow acknowledged that behaviour can have various aspects resulting from a multitude of motives or behaviours which lack motivation, like expressive behaviours. Cypher had various motives for betraying the crew. He did not follow Morpheus’ beliefs and secondly, he was dissatisfied with his situation, like always fighting for survival. Cypher’s personality was negative because he may have experienced a potential threat in his childhood. Studies proved that there is an interplay between nature and nurture in term of anti-social behaviour; if children inherit aggressiveness or grow up in an endangered environment, they are likely to engage in anti-social behaviours (Viding, 2004). In addition, Cypher’s self-image did not fit into reality and contradicted what the other members believed which created further conflicts. Therefore, he collaborated with agents asking them a small favour and to plug back into the matrix. In his case it can be observed how external forces controlled his feelings and judgements or could be described by the cognitive approach of motivation. Cypher attempts to achieve some personal goals and has to make a series of decisions. From his point of view, he made rational choices and planned each step of his action. According to Heylinghen (1992) cognitive incompetence inhibits self-actualization, which can be traced back in childhood. He said that cognitive development needs to have a stable foundation with flexible and adaptive characteristics. If these requirements are not met in childhood then this will have consequences later on. In parallel, Maslow recognised that people have a desire to know. If this need of cognition is blocked then the person will not be able to satisfy any hierarchical needs properly (satisfaction of needs require cognitive potential). In conclusion, personality is complex and that cannot be captured by only one theory. Whether it is studied in a social context or from cognitive perspectives, it is important to see and understand how ndividuals are motivated, how they perceive and interact with each other; if motives are identified then prediction on behaviour can be made. In addition, motives do not always guide behaviour and apart from Carl Rogers, humanistic theories do not capture as much on individual differences as trait theory does.

Overseas Holidays

What has happened to demand (sales) of holidays in the last five years? What has happened to prices, and the revenues of sellers? Overseas holidays take up the greater part of travel agent bookings; the year 2011 experienced a great amount of holidays overseas taken by the United Kingdom’s flat line since 2008. The demand for sales of overseas tourism in the last five years was low because of various reasons or factors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Overseas Holidays specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the lack of growth in the last five year was enhanced by such factors as â€Å"Eyjafjallajokull† volcano, which caused the airspace to be closed up, thus, leading to the reduction in demand sales for holidays due to the negative effects within the market. In addition, there was a downgrade in forecast of GDP growth in the Bank of England, which was noted to be approximately one percent t o two percent. The decrease in the demand for overseas holidays in the last five years was also due to domestic events that happened during the peak summer period. For instance, there were Olympic Games in August and the UEFA, European Football Championship in June. It is revealed that domestic holidays declined from the year 2009 peak point remained at sixty-one percent of all holidays that were in use in 2010. Therefore, due to the decrease in demand of holidays that was experienced in the last five years, the prices were also affected, they had to be reduced in order to attract more holiday travelers. As a result, the sellers’ revenues were also influenced negatively because they declined. Research shows that the percentage of demand on holidays was a result of over protection on holidays and a small upturn in the package sector that raised agent`s share of the market. Short breaks were greatly affected by the recession that led to their abandonment by consumers. This tren d caused a negative impact on independent holiday volume. The meaning of staycation and why it is popular A staycation is a special type of vacation in which individuals known as staycationers remain at home rather than travel away to have some rest. The main purpose of a staycation is to help people rest from their day-to-day activities without having to take a trip far away from home (Rees 2011, p.89). Staycations have become popular currently because they are readily affordable by every person who needs a vacation but lacks finances or sufficient time. In addition, it is the best vacation for those individuals who do not like to experience travel difficulties such as delays among other shortcomings. Staycations have become popular because it is a person’s choice where to go. In a staycation, there are no difficulties in packing and unpacking of luggage. Generally, staycations have become popular because they are good time savers.Advertising Looking for report on busin ess economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because most people’s schedules are so tight and, therefore, finding time for oneself becomes an issue. Therefore, with staycation, people can save time that is spent on traveling by checking in the nearest resort where they can get out of their daily activities. It saves money since most vacations are extremely expensive. Staycation requires creativity rather than a lot of money in order for one to have fun. Staycations are also safe, specialized and simple. Importance of the Concept of Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Cross elasticity of demand is the measure of responsiveness of the demand for a product due to a change in the price of another product. Elasticity of demand is important because if an organization can estimate cross elasticity of demand, then it stands a good chance of evaluating the effect of pricing strategies of their competitors. Determinants of the Relative Prices of Staycation and Vacations Relative price is the price of a product or service in terms of another. Therefore, the relative prices of staycation and vacation are determined by the prices spent on vacation to those spent on staycation. This implies that a person may decide to have a staycation because of lack of enough money to go for a normal vacation, which is quite demanding in terms of money. Using the concept of Income Elasticity of Demand to explain the effects of the Recession on the Demand for Holidays Income elasticity of demand is used to quantify the association between a change in amount demanded and a change in revenue. Demand for holidays is extremely price elastic. This means that as the prices of holidays goes up, it leads to a decline in demand. For instance, during the declines in the number of demand for holidays that were less than the equivalent reductions in volume, average expenditure on oversees continued to increase across the period. Exampl es of overseas expenditures involve airfares, sea fares, tunnel, as well as train fares. Therefore, due to this increase in travel expenditures using the concept of income elasticity of demand, the demand for holidays reduced at a higher rate because a considerable number of people choose to have a staycation, which is quite affordable rather than going for long vacations far away from home. The major cause of recession involves the short breaks that have been unreasonably affected. This is because a significant number of customers are more likely to abandon the short breaks holidays due to an increase in travel expenditures more than the long main holidays.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Overseas Holidays specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, this could lead to the elimination of shorter value oversea trips from the equation to a higher extent than long holidays. The capacity concerning the short brea ks have been thoughtfully redirected towards high value commodities. Therefore, higher affluence has greatly correlated with the likelihood to take holidays overseas, nevertheless, the rich customers have been the least likely to change their behaviors concerning going for holidays despite the occurrence of recession, whereas the less fortunate have been more likely to give up the issue concerning the overseas holiday market. Some of them either resort to other travel agencies or simply give up the idea of holidays completely. As a result, it has reduced the average expenditure on the influence of the lower spending sections. This implies, therefore, that change in price expenditure of travel agencies led to change in demand for holidays for majority of individuals who cannot afford to pay. Type of market structure that exists in the market for package holidays Most organizations base on those features that influence the nature of competition and pricing. For package holidays, there is the existence of the perfect competition market structure. This is a market structure that involves unrestricted contestability. This implies that any is free to join such a market because there are no obstacles that hinder a person or an organization to join the market structure. For instance, there are an unrestricted number of manufacturers and purchasers that involve an ideal elastic demand curve. Therefore, perfect competition exists within the market for package holiday because business dealing with travelling is open and has no restrictions for entry and exit, there are also a significant number of firms that have been developed under this market thus they produce the same products and services which are mostly transportation services. This market structure within the market of package holidays provides effective and efficient information and skills that are required through various means such as the internet so as to make it easier for travelers to have access to the inf ormation anytime and anywhere they wish. The firms under this market structure are price receivers making their demand curve to be a perfectly elastic curve. The rationale for the merger activity in recent years The motivation for the merger activity was to help in expanding the travel agency. For instance, through this activity that has taken place during the recent years, there was introduction of the United Kingdom first fair trade holiday as well as introduction of internet across the broader travel industry, which acted as the driving force for the innovation and for the merging activity in recent years. It is noted that a considerable number of people from various places have made their bookings through the internet.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The relevant costs include variable costs because they tend to vary with output. This implies that these costs have a constant increase rate that is relative to labor and capital. For instance, when the demand for holidays reduces, the costs included in the travel expenditures also reduce, while the increase in demand for holidays also increases the prices. Reference Rees, T 2011, Travel agents, senior travel and tourism analyst, Prentice Hall, London. This report on Overseas Holidays was written and submitted by user Jared Dillon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Root Causes of the American Revolution

The Root Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1775 as an open conflict between the United Thirteen Colonies  and Great Britain. Many factors played a role in the colonists desires to fight for their independence. Not only did these issues lead to war, but they also shaped the foundation of the United States of America. The Cause of the American Revolution No single  event caused the revolution. It was, instead, a series of events that led to the war. Essentially, it began as a disagreement over the way Great Britain governed the colonies and the way the colonies thought they should be treated. Americans felt they deserved all the rights of Englishmen. The British, on the other hand, thought that the colonies were created to be used in ways that best suited the Crown and Parliament. This conflict is embodied in one of the rallying cries of the ​American Revolution: No Taxation Without Representation. Americas Independent Way of Thinking In order to understand what led to the rebellion, its important to look at the mindset of the founding fathers. It should also be noted that this mindset was not that of the majority of colonists: Only about one-third of the colonists supported the rebellion. One-third of the population supported Great Britain, and the other third were neutral. The 18th century is known historically  as the age of Enlightenment. It was a period when thinkers, philosophers, statesman, and artists began to question the politics of government, the role of the church, and other fundamental and ethical questions of society as a whole. The period was also known as the Age of Reason, and many colonists followed this new way of thinking. A number of the revolutionary leaders had studied major writings of the Enlightenment including those of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Baron de Montesquieu. From these thinkers, the founders gleaned such new political concepts as the social contract, limited government, the consent of the governed, and the  separation of powers. Lockes writings, in particular, struck a chord. His books helped to raise questions about the rights of the governed and the overreach of the British government. They spurred the republican ideology that stood up in opposition to those viewed as tyrants. Men such as Benjamin Franklin and John Adams were also influenced by the teachings of the Puritans and Presbyterians. These teachings included such new radical ideas as the principle that all men are created equal and the belief that a king has no divine rights. Together, these innovative ways of thinking led many in this era to consider it their duty to rebel against laws they viewed as unjust. The Freedoms and Restrictions of Location The geography of the colonies also contributed to the revolution. Their distance from Great Britain naturally created a sense of independence that was hard to overcome. Those willing to colonize the new world generally had a strong independent streak with a profound desire for new opportunities and more freedom. The Proclamation of 1763 played its own role. After the French and Indian War, King George III issued the royal decree that prevented further colonization west of the Appalachian Mountains. The intent was to normalize relations with the Native Americans, many of whom fought with the French. A number of settlers had purchased land in the now forbidden area or had received land grants. The crowns proclamation was largely ignored as settlers moved anyway and the Proclamation Line eventually moved after much lobbying. Despite this concession, the affair left another stain on the relationship between the colonies and Britain. The Control of Government The existence of colonial legislatures meant that the colonies were in many ways independent of the crown. The legislatures were allowed to levy taxes, muster troops, and pass laws. Over time, these powers became rights in the eyes of many colonists. The British government had different ideas and attempted to curtail the powers of these newly elected bodies. There were numerous measures designed to ensure the colonial legislatures did not achieve autonomy, although many had nothing to do with the larger British Empire. In the minds of colonists, they were a matter of local concern. From these small, rebellious legislative bodies that represented the colonists, the future leaders of the United States were born. The Economic Troubles Even though the British believed in mercantilism, Prime Minister Robert Walpole espoused a view of salutary neglect. This system was in place from 1607 through 1763, during which the British were lax on enforcement of external trade relations. Walpole believed this enhanced freedom would stimulate commerce. The French and Indian War led to considerable economic trouble for the British government. Its cost was significant, and the British were determined to make up for the lack of funds. They levied new taxes on the colonists and increased trade regulations. These actions were not well received by the colonists. New taxes were enforced, including the Sugar Act and the Currency Act, both in 1764. The Sugar Act increased already considerable taxes on molasses and restricted certain export goods to Britain alone. The Currency Act prohibited the printing of money in the colonies, making businesses rely more on the crippled British economy.   Feeling underrepresented, overtaxed, and unable to engage in free trade, the colonists rallied to the slogan, No Taxation Without Representation. This discontent became very apparent in 1773 with the events that later became known as the Boston Tea Party. The Corruption and Control The British governments presence became increasingly more visible in the years leading to the revolution. British officials and soldiers were given more control over the colonists and this led to widespread corruption. Among the most glaring of these issues were the Writs of Assistance. These were general search warrants that gave British soldiers the right to search and seize any property they deemed to be smuggled or illegal goods. Designed to assist the British in enforcing trade laws, these documents allowed British soldiers to enter, search, and seize warehouses, private homes, and ships whenever necessary. However, many abused the power. In 1761, the Boston lawyer James Otis fought for the constitutional rights of the colonists in this matter but lost. The defeat only inflamed the level of defiance and ultimately led to the Fourth Amendment in the U.S. Constitution. The Third Amendment was also inspired by the overreach of the British government. Forcing colonists to house British soldiers in their homes infuriated the population. It was inconvenient and costly to the colonists, and many also found it a traumatic experience after events like  the Boston Massacre in 1770. The Criminal Justice System Trade and commerce were overly controlled, the British army made its presence known, and the local colonial government was limited by a power far across the Atlantic Ocean. If these affronts to the colonists dignity were not enough to ignite the fires of rebellion, American colonists also had to endure a corrupt justice system. Political protests became a regular occurrence as these realities set in. In 1769, Alexander McDougall was imprisoned for libel when his work To the Betrayed Inhabitants of the City and Colony of New York was published. His imprisonment and the Boston Massacre were just two infamous examples of the measures the British took to crack down on protesters.   After six British soldiers were acquitted and two dishonorably discharged for the Boston Massacre- ironically enough, defended by John Adams- the British government changed the rules. From then on, officers accused of any offense in the colonies would be sent to England for trial. This meant that fewer witnesses would be on hand to give their accounts of events and it led to even fewer convictions. To make matters even worse, jury trials were replaced with verdicts and punishments handed down directly by colonial judges. Over time, the colonial authorities lost power over this as well because the judges were known to be chosen, paid, and supervised by the British government. The right to a fair trial by a jury of their peers was no longer possible for many colonists. Grievances That Led to Revolution and the Constitution All of these grievances that colonists had with the British government led to the events of the American Revolution. And many of these grievances directly affected what the founding fathers wrote into the U.S. Constitution. These constitutional rights and principles reflect the hopes of the framers that the new American government would not subject their citizens to the same loss of freedoms that the colonists had experienced under Britains rule.

Springs Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Springs - Lab Report Example this experiment was to determine the key elements of Hooke’s law, which include, among others, the simple harmonic motions, the requirements of these harmonic motions, understanding Hooke’s law in a nutshell, attempting to verify Hooke’s law using a simple spring, to ascertain the relationship between the frequency and the period of a spring, to come up with the spring constant, and to determine the relationship between the mass, period, and force of a spring undergoing harmonic motion among others. The bottom line objective in this case is to be able to make comparisons of the measured periods of the vibration and the ideal ones as stated or calculated in the theory. Measuring the static behavior of a simple spring in this experiment was aimed at providing a basis of establishing the existing relationship between stretch and force. The spring constant, which is the force that a spring exerts on the object, in the opposite direction, when an object applies a force on the spring is what this experiment aimed at achieving. According to Hooke, the spring constant can be calculated from the expression F=- KX, where F is the force applied on the spring and X the distance this spring would move as a result of the force. In this experiment, a simple experiment involving a mass, a spring, and a meter rule were used to test this phenomenon (Knight, Brian and Stuart 13). The tables below show the results of the different measurements obtained as a result of adding different masses on a spring, while recording the various stretches that are realized. Concisely, the objective was to determine the influence of the mass on the stretch of the spring and the nature of relationship that exists between these tow variables. The above results give an impression of a near linear relationship between the mass and the stretch, but the trend changes significantly after a certain mass has been exceeded. From the theoretical point of view, the point where the relationship between

Outline and assess Foucault's critique of modernity Essay

Outline and assess Foucault's critique of modernity - Essay Example It shall present Foucault’s ideas according to post-modernism and how it conflicts with the ideas of modernity. Then it shall seek to provide an answer to the questions raised in this introduction. A conclusion to this paper shall provide a summary and a clear answer to the issues raised. Foucault critiques of modernity are based on the anti-Enlightenment principles which do not agree with the act of matching reason with emancipation and progress. Instead, Foucault argues that the links between modern realms of information has led to different types of domination (Kellner, 1991: 65). His reports have added details to this domination through psychiatry, medicine, and criminology. His aim was to critique the trends in the current world order which makes issues from the more contemporary forms of prudence which appear to be natural, but are actually oppressive forms of domination. From his goals, it can be deduced that Foucault is a â€Å"complex and eclectic thinker who draws f rom multiple sources and problematic while aligning himself with no single one† (Kellner, 1991: 41). Foucault’s literature and philosophy is a critique of modernity and he differentiates between the classical and the modern eras of the post-Renaissance period (Kellner, 1991: 39). â€Å"He sees the classical era as inaugurating a powerful mode of domination over human beings that culminates in the modern era† (Kellner, 1991: 41). He also supports Nietzsche when the latter does not give much credit to the Enlightenment ideals in historical progress. In effect, Foucault believes that humans do not go through a series of conflicts to eventually arrive at an implied agreement of the rule of law; instead, he believes that humans use the series of violent acts under certain rules and then they progress from one act of domination to another (Foucault, 1979: 25). Enlightenment was deemed by Foucault as a means of increasing political power and of distributing it in the so cial field – eventually covering different aspects of daily life. Foucault, in effect, supports a position against modernity and this is a major characterization of his work (Grumley, Hegel, and Foucault, 1989: 11). The postmodern ideal does not support the idea of equating reason and freedom with each other; and it also does not support the attempts at making issues out of the different modern and oppressive elements of rationality. Foucault sees modern rationality and subjectivity therefore as a source of domination (Grumley, Hegel, and Foucault, 1989: p. 171). He also points out that knowledge and truth are tools for power and domination. Critique of Foucault’s perspectives One of the critiques of Foucault’s perspective of modernity is the fact that he rejected the advantages which were gained through modernity, including that of medicine (Kellner, 1991: 65). Other philosophers like Habermas believed that science and the technologies arising from it would not create any issues for as long as these technologies are managed according to proper rules (Powell and Moody, 2003). In contrast, Foucault completely discounted the benefits and progressive gains from modernity and science. Foucault believed that modernity is entirely disciplinary, and this generalization is a difficult one to support (Koopman, 2010: 3). His analysis has not exactly focused on what would end up being right in the end;

National Centre for Missing and Exploited Essay Example for Free

National Centre for Missing and Exploited Essay With the advancement of technology; Desk top computers, lap tops or note book computers, PDAs, Mobile hand sets etc. and with the aid of wired and wireless networks, access to Internet world or Instant Messaging (IM) opened up a whole new dimension of human experience. Cyberspace has been mentioned so often that it may at this point seem trite and overly commercialised. Cyberspace is currently used in a primarily symbolic sense and is mostly associated with the Internet. When a user sits in front of a computer and switches it on, they can bring up an environment of hypertext. It can seem like there is, behind the screen, an immense reservoir of information, which is also constantly being added to. A user is certainly aware that the people and processes that generate this information, and places where the information is stored, are not behind the screen or in the hard drive, but we nevertheless take the computer as a gateway to another place where other people have done similar things. Conceptually, we tend to envision a non-physical space existing between here and there, and believe that we can access that space by utilizing computer-based technologies. We send messages to others by e-mail, or talk to others in a chat room. Cyber-culture is significant, but it is still non-consequential at the ontological level. The more exciting thing is that cyberspace and virtual reality can go even further. Combining it with the technology of teleoperation, we can enter into cyberspace and interact with artificial objects to manipulate the actual physical process. Cyberspace hasnt yet replaced the telephone, but instant messaging is becoming an indispensable means of teen socialization, according to a study out. Nearly three out of four online teens 13 million use instant messages (IMs), according to the study of kids ages 12 to 17 from the Pew Internet American Life Project. It clearly states that teens are fond of using instant messaging to pass information for various purposes. Cyberspace attracts teens who are between 14 and 16 year old, said Lisa Carlton. Instant messaging, which requires downloadable software (or comes built in with America Online and some other Net providers), allows users to carry on one or more real-time conversations simultaneously in text windows that pop up on a users computer screen. The above report says teens use IMs to communicate with teachers about schoolwork, flirt, ask someone out and even break up. Most of the teens realize that messaging system has become part of their life up to some extent. Some newer concepts of instant messaging try to make a decentralized instant messaging system via peer-to-peer technology. In such a system, a distributed hash table lookup is used to determine if buddies are online or not. This approach tries to make instant messaging independent of a central authority. Everything they talk about in the offline world has migrated online, says Pews Amanda Lenhart, principal author of the study. Some of the most difficult conversations these kids have happen over instant messaging. On average, a teen IM session includes online chat with more than three friends simultaneously, Pew says. This survey provides basis for teens trends of modern living. Instant messaging, a skill, maybe an ability, but its something our young people can do, says Joseph Walther, a communications professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N. Y. , and editor of the Journal of Online Behavior. He says researchers at Cornell University define split or simultaneous attention as the capacity to do two different communication skills at the same time. Among other findings, Most online teens (69%) engage in IM conversations several times weekly; 35% IM every day; 45% IM every time they go online. Close to half of teens (46%) say they spend between a half-hour and an hour on instant messaging each session; and an additional 21% say they spend more than an hour on a typical session. Time span of using instant messaging system by teens reflects their requirement for availing these services to utilise every moment of life purposeful. But theres a flip side to continuous conversation. Cornell found that some students were using wireless devices to IM friends during class while pretending to take notes and had lower grades. Another study released last month found that college students -especially lonely freshmen -who stayed up late to IM friends tended to miss more classes and be unprepared for coursework. This is a drawback of such an advanced technology and students must be trained for proper utilisation of services. (USATODAY. com) Another report published in USA TODAY indicates- Thirteen-year-old singer Brittney Cleary wanted to debut with a song most kids her age could relate to. So she picked a tune about love. Her song is called IM ME, a reference to instant messaging, the online technology that allows computer users to carry on typewritten, private conversations in real time. Cleary, who lives in Nashville, Tenn. , says she and her buddies talk online about everything. David Silver, director of the Resource Centre for Cyber culture Studies at the University of Washington, likens abbreviated instant messaging talk to slang derived from hip-hop music. In some ways, its very clever, Silver says. Like other forms of slang, it allows youth to talk amongst themselves without adults really understanding what theyre saying. Consider, for example, the online term POS: parent over shoulder. Silver jokingly calls Clearys song the fall of Western civilization. But he adds, Actually, Im kind of wondering why it took so long. It really does reflect the rapid mainstreaming of cyber culture into American culture and especially youth culture. From the mundane to the emotionally charged, there are no limits to the ways todays kids connect and bond over instant messages (IMs) those pop-up text windows used for carrying on real-time conversations online. Its not just empty rattle on. Theyre using (IMs) to have difficult conversations- someones talking behind your back and you want to confront them, says Amanda Lenhart of the Pew Internet American Life project. Its survey, finds that nearly three-fourths of online kids ages 12 to 17 rely on IMs to keep in touch with friends. For example-Caroline Barker, 16, is among 35% of teens that use IMs daily; she chats with about 10 close friends and 50 acquaintances in the Bethesda, Md. , area. Its especially good for making plans, or if youre just bored, she says. Teens offer insight to the complex social rules that come with a form of communication that still has many adults bewildered. We see teens up at all hours of the night IM-ing. Thirty years ago, teens were on the phone all night, says Joseph Walther, editor of the Journal of Online Behavior. This could be another step in our own communication evolution. Pews survey of 754 teens finds that face-to-face interaction and phone contact have been partially replaced by IMs. Teens use them to nurture friendships, begin and end romantic relationships and mediate difficult conversations with the emotional distance the Net provides. Pew says 17% of the teens have used IMs to ask someone out, 13% to break up. Sometimes IM misunderstandings (text messages lack body language and voice tone) can spark hurt feelings and feuds, but different fonts and keyboard symbols can make smiley or sad faces, known as emotions. For Barker and her friends, even the subtle difference between Hi and Hey that most adults dismiss sets the whole mood for a conversation. â€Å"Hi is formal, and it means you’re busy and you don’t really want to talk. Or maybe you’re mad about something,† explains Hillary Lowenberg, Hey is more open and informal and friendly, and you’re in the mood to IM. † Many people find instant messages intrusive, and 57% of teens surveyed said they have blocked IMs, and 64% have refused to respond to IMs from someone they were mad at. Still, 48% of online teens believe IMs, warts and all, improve friendships. Among frequent users, 60% say it helps friendships. While 61% of teens agree that the Internet is not ideal for making new friends, they use Net tools to broaden their networks of friends. Pew used several teen focus groups and online discussions to delve more deeply into teen Net use. Some teens say they give out their IM user name instead of phone number to new friends or potential dates. Many believe that instant messaging allows them to stay in touch with people they would not otherwise contact for instance, those who are only casual acquaintances, or who live outside their communities, the report says. More than 90% of teens surveyed said they IM with friends who live far away, such as those they met at camp. The study found a growing number of teens sharing passwords a practice Internet service providers warn against. But more than a fifth of Pew respondents (22%) say theyve done it. Its a new symbol of trust and friendship, says Pew project director Lee Rainie. In the pre-Internet days, one way to show how fond you were of someone was to give out a locker combination. Lenhart notes that parents are a little mystified about why kids find this a satisfying conversation. If you didnt grow up with it, youd think in some way it was less than a face-to-face. But 64% of teens say they know more than their parents about using the Net — and 66% of parents agree. According to BBC NewsUS teenagers prefer instant messaging rather than e-mail to stay in touch with each other, research shows. A Pew Internet and American Life Project study found online teens are increasingly tech-savvy. Nearly nine out of 10 teenagers say they use the net, up from 74 percent in 2000, according to the Pew study. While e-mail is seen as a tool for communicating with adults, instant messaging was proving the most popular way to chat with friends. Three-quarters 75% of online teenagers in the US have used IM, the survey found, with personalised features proving popular. Features such as buddy icons are a popular way for teenagers to express and differentiate themselves. Major activity teens do online are-Send or read e-mail: 89%Visit websites about TV, music or sport stars: 84%Play online games: 81%Online news: 76%Send or receive instant messages: 75% half of these say they go online every day, according to the Pew study. The amount of time American teenagers are spending online and the range of things they are doing have both increased. Just over 50% of those online use a broadband connection, 81% play games online, 76% get news online and 43% make purchases. Increasing numbers of teenagers live in a world of nearly ubiquitous computing and communication technologies that they can access at will, said report co-author Amanda Lenhart. Their fondness with being online even extends to when they are physically away from the computer. Instant Messaging away messages, in effect, maintain a presence in this virtual IM space, said co-author Mary Madden. The power users of the online teen world are girls aged 15-17, the survey found. Some 97% of this age range has used instant messaging, and 57% have sent a text message. They are also more likely to have bought something online and used the web to search for information on health, religion and entertainment topics. A representative sample of 1,100 teens between 12 and 17 and their parents in the US were interviewed by phone. Teens and youth are excessively using IMs, It is imperative to develop certain rules and preventive measures to protect them from technology hazards. A Resource Guide for Parents covers a broad range of Internet privacy and safety topics. There are no easy answers to ensure your child has harm-free experiences on the Internet. Likewise, there are no truly effective technology-based solutions. In the final analysis, there is no substitute for parental involvement in childrens exploration of cyberspace. Following are certain measures to be taken care of- -Privacy policy. Read the privacy policy statements on the web sites visited by your children. Teach older children to do the same. -Encourage your children, especially teens, to take responsibility for their online behavior by establishing a contract with them. The Federal Trade Commissions Site seeing on the Internet provides sample language, -Family rules. You can establish family rules for online computer use. Among those suggested by the National Centre for Missing and Exploited- -Tell your children never to give out identifying information such as family information, home address, school name, or phone number in chat room discussions and when visiting web sites, Explain to children that passwords must never be given to anyone else, even someone claiming to be from the online service, Warn your children not to respond to messages that are threatening, suggestive, demeaning, or otherwise make you or the child uncomfortable. Tell them to report such messages to you. The psychological qualities of cyberspace are determined by the hardware and software that constitute computers and the online world. An Op has the power to throw you off an IRC channel; lag can destroy conversation in a chat group; the reply-to in listserv group might send your e-mail to the whole list or just to the sender of the message. All of these factors affect the psychological feel of the environment. With the rapid advancement of wireless network technologies, wireless communications and mobile-based information services are changing people’s life style. How to provide mobile users with cost-effective wireless information services is becoming a hot topic for wireless vendors References: 1) Jon Ippolito (December 1998–January 1999). Cross Talk: Is Cyberspace Really a Space? . Artbyte: 12–24. 2) USA today, 06/12/2001, 2001 The Associated Press 3) Karen Thomas, USA TODAY, 2006 4) Christine Morente, Teen find support in cyberspace, San Malco County Times, January 4, 2005. 5) Malcolm R Parks; making friends incyberspace, Vol-46; 1996 6) BBC News, 28th July;2005 7) Gao, J. ; Modak, M. ; Dornadula, S. ; Shim, S. ; e-Commerce Technology, 2004. CEC 2004. Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on 6-9 July 2004 Page(s):337 341

Catcher In The Rye Vs. Don Quixote Essay -- essays research papers

J.D. Salinger’s TheCatcher in the Rye can be compared to Cervantes’ Don Quixote. Both novels feature naive protagonists pining for an ideal world. In Salinger’s novel, Holden Caulfield is a sixteen year old who experiences challenging and questionable events in the mid-stage of his adolescence. Holden wants to protect the innocent children like â€Å"the catcher in the rye† from the immorality and corruptness of the â€Å"phony† adult world. In Cervantes work, Don Quixote is the idealistic protagonist who sets out to transform the world in accordance to his medieval vision. His growing obsession with stories of knighthood and books of chivalry leads him to abandon his former life and become a wandering knight set out to right the world’s wrongs. The title of the book Thr Catcher in the Rye is reflected in the mistaken words of a poem by Robert Burns. Holden thought the words were â€Å"if a body catch a body coming through the rye.† That is what he wanted to be. He feels that he has the responsibility of saving the children from falling off the cliff and losing their innocence. Holden wants to protect the vulnerable from being corrupted by the adult world, an immoral and unscrupulous society tainted by phonies. Unless stopped the children will fall off the cliff and plunge into the evils of adulthood. Although Holden wished to help children retain their innocence perpetually, he realized he couldn’t. There was too much evil in the world, and it would be infeasible to shelter a child fro...